Comparison of Attitudes Towards Marriage in A Hero of Our Time versus T

Marriage, often thought of as a sacred union of the utmost importance, is portrayed in two A Hero of Our Time by Mikhail Lermontov, and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende, as a minor issue rather than a key constituent of the lives of the main characters. Marriage is unimportant to both main characters Pechorin and Clara. Lermontov uses Pechorin?s refusal of commitment, while world an object of desire and passion, to illustrate that men should carry their independence from women to shelter their power. On the other hand, Allende uses Clara?s priorities of spirituality and children above her husband and union to suggest that women?s power does non depend on men.Clara becomes married, recognizing that she get out keep the freedom she had before marriage, while Pechorin is immediate in rejecting commitment because of his fear that it will stifle his independence. After being married to Esteban Trueba, Clara is unmoved and remains distant, rearting the diamond jewels h er new husband gave her ?in a shoe box, and quickly forgetting where she put it?(Allende, 95). She knows that being married to Esteban is her destiny and is not excited by her graphic symbol as a married woman. During their honeymoon, Esteban realizes that Clara does not in fact belong to him and she would not trade her ?world of apparitions? simply for him (Allende, 96). He tries many times to bring home the bacon her over with presents of jewelry and kittydy and expressing his affection but Clara?s manner towards her marriage does not change, while her otherworldly magic and knowledge increases and develops. Over the assembly line of time Allende shows how Esteban grows dependent Clara, eventually ?hounding her? for attention (Allende, 180). On the contrary, Lermontov demonstrates Pechorin?s mascul... ... should be to a greater extent properly than women because of men?s ability to control their emotions and the weak-mindedness of females.Although both authors gave their cha racters equal opinions of marriage, the reasons for their views are very different and achieve opposite results in the novels. Clara unknowingly builds up the distance between herself and her husband, which Allende uses to suggest that women can be more powerful when they are independent from men. Pechorin does not even attempt marriage but rather detaches himself from any woman who might want to marry him because of Lermontov?s views that women can be the downfall of any great man. While Allende comments on the importance of womanish independence, Lermontov explains that while lust and desire is natural to men, marriage is unneeded and confusing, displace men away from their place of dominance over women. Comparison of Attitudes Towards Marriage in A Hero of Our Time versus TMarriage, often thought of as a sacred union of the utmost importance, is portrayed in both A Hero of Our Time by Mikhail Lermontov, and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende, as a minor issue rather than a key part of the lives of the main characters. Marriage is unimportant to both main characters Pechorin and Clara. Lermontov uses Pechorin?s refusal of commitment, while being an object of desire and passion, to illustrate that men should keep their independence from women to protect their power. On the other hand, Allende uses Clara?s priorities of spirituality and children above her husband and marriage to suggest that women?s power does not depend on men.Clara becomes married, recognizing that she will keep the freedom she had before marriage, while Pechorin is immediate in rejecting commitment because of his fear that it will stifle his independence. After being married to Esteban Trueba, Clara is unmoved and remains distant, putting the diamond jewels her new husband gave her ?in a shoe box, and quickly forgetting where she put it?(Allende, 95). She knows that being married to Esteban is her destiny and is not excited by her role as a married woman. During t heir honeymoon, Esteban realizes that Clara does not in fact belong to him and she would not trade her ?world of apparitions? simply for him (Allende, 96). He tries many times to win her over with presents of jewelry and candy and expressing his affection but Clara?s manner towards her marriage does not change, while her otherworldly magic and knowledge increases and develops. Over the course of time Allende shows how Esteban grows dependent Clara, eventually ?hounding her? for attention (Allende, 180). On the contrary, Lermontov demonstrates Pechorin?s mascul... ... should be more powerful than women because of men?s ability to control their emotions and the weak-mindedness of females.Although both authors gave their characters similar opinions of marriage, the reasons for their views are very different and achieve opposite results in the novels. Clara unknowingly builds up the distance between herself and her husband, which Allende uses to suggest that women can be more powerful when they are independent from men. Pechorin does not even attempt marriage but rather detaches himself from any woman who might want to marry him because of Lermontov?s views that women can be the downfall of any great man. While Allende comments on the importance of feminine independence, Lermontov explains that while lust and desire is natural to men, marriage is unneeded and confusing, pulling men away from their place of dominance over women.

Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis Essay -- essays papers

Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis As the term suggests, an auteur is an author, someone whose aesthetic sensibilities and impact are most important in the creation of a text. With literary texts, discerning written material is usually no problem. But with collaborative art forms, such as film, deciding on authorship is much more complicated. Generally speaking, film theorists lay down concluded that it is the director of a film who is the auteur, the most important creative figure.But auteur theory is concerned with more that one film it is concerned with the figure of a director with his or her whole corpus of films, and with certain dominant themes and stylistic aspects of these films. The text in auteur criticism is non one film, but the remains of work of the director. Although both Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis have do many successful films there is a distinct difference in the filmmakers works. The authorship of the film is what creates the distinction amon g Kurosawa and Zemeckis films. Examining authorship is a challenge critics and writers have been attempting to do it for years. The most comprehensive definition that I have found is the one quoted above from Bergers ethnical Criticism. In non-technical language, authorship is looked upon as an unknown distinct grammatical constituent that one of the films cast or crew brings to it. Always changing, this unknown element may be derived from, an actor, director, editor or even a cinematographer. In the past there have been two distinctions made by critics regarding authorship. There is the say that there is an elitist group of filmmakers who have a distinct definable quality to all of their films regardless of whether they are considered true(p) or bad quality films. In essence, the caliber of the film itself seems to be irrelevant to the theory. This group is categorized under the much sought after term of auteur. This said, a bad film made by an auteur is alleged to better than the best film made by a metteur en scene. This brings us to the idea of what can be considered when examining a metteur en scene. The definition seems to take on exactly the opposite quality than that of an auteur. A metteur en scene may make decent or even good films, but there seems to be a link missing when comparing all their works as a whole. When regarding the works of an Auteur, we must examine their films as a... ...e is how he creates his film much of this is the level of control that a director exercises upon his body of work.Throughout Kurosawas career, he worked hard to repeatedly present the themes, which were important to him. This is not always the case in Zemeckis films, as we do not see Zemeckis using the same themes consistently throughout his works. Using subjectivity, Kurosawa was able to bring the reference into the minds and hearts of the characters involved. Thus, Akira Kurosawas work is clearly superior to directors who presented their stories more object ively. BibliographyWorks CitedBerger, Arthur Asa. Cultural Criticism A Primer of Key Concepts. London SAGE Publications, 1995Mackinnon, Gillies. Haunting visions. disposition & heavy ns 4 (1994) 61Peary, Gerald. Akira Kurosawa Japans existential cowboy looks West and thinks East American Film v. 14 (1989) 80-82 Ritchie, Donald. The Films Of Akira Kurosawa Third Edition. Los Angeles University of California Press, 1998Saynor, James. Accidental Auteur, Sight & Sound v.3 (1993) 4-8Seltzer, Alex. Akira Kurosawa seeing through the eyes of the audience. Film Comment v. 29 (1993) 72-77

The History and Theory of Magical Realism Essay -- Literature Magical

The History and Theory of sorcerous naive realism wizard(prenominal) realness is one of todays most popular subjects in literature to discuss regarding its history and theory of wizard(prenominal) naive realism. It began in the Latin culture and now is known news wide for its attributes. Magical Realism is even rivaling some of the considerable masterpieces of modern and past literature. someday Magical Realism will be recognized and prise just as the classics ar today.Magical Realism supposedly began in 1935 with its golden eon occurring between 1940 and 1950.The Magical Realism of Spanish and Latin the States can be somewhat attributed to the social, political, and European influence. During the golden age of Magical Realism, Spanish and Latin American writers readyd whole works that would, by some, be considered to be at the same level as the great Italian, French, and English works. Two people have been ascribe for coining the term Magical Realism, Dudley Fitts and F ranz Roh. Which one gets the actual credit would be very difficult to state. However, it is not important who did the deed it is important the deed was done. Professor angel Flores remarked that A Universal History of Infamy, written by Jorges Luis Borges mark the birth Magical Realism (Flores 109-117). Jorges Luis Borges works are similar the works of Kafka. Both Kafkas and Borges works reflect a collaboration of realism and fantasy. Before all(a) the greatness of Magical Realism was realized, it was thought that the Spanish and Latin American fiction couldnt produce anything beyond simple works. However, times have changed, an abundance of great works and attributes are derived from the Latin American culture and its writings.Magical realism is the writing of Spanish and Latin American au... ...ers mind. Perhaps in music, Magical Realism has the most effect on the masses. Although most people might not realize they are being affected by Magical Realism, in actuality they are de aling with it perfunctory.As a conclusion to the statements above, one must remember that Magical Realism is neither Science Fiction nor Magical Literature. Rather, it is in everyday life and is all around. Magical Realism is also not to be underestimated it includes works, which are legendary. whole works CitedFlores, Angel. Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction. Magical RealismTheory, History, Community.Ed.Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B.Faris.Durham,N.C. Duke UP, 1995109-117.Leal, Luis. Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature. Magical Realism Theory, History, Community. Ed.Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris.Durham, N.C Duke UP, 1995119-124. The History and Theory of Magical Realism Essay -- Literature Magical The History and Theory of Magical RealismMagical Realism is one of todays most popular subjects in literature to discuss regarding its history and theory of Magical Realism. It began in the Latin culture and now is known word wide for its attributes. Magical Realism is even rivaling some of the great masterpieces of modern and past literature. Someday Magical Realism will be recognized and respected just as the classics are today.Magical Realism supposedly began in 1935 with its golden age occurring between 1940 and 1950.The Magical Realism of Spanish and Latin America can be somewhat attributed to the social, political, and European influence. During the golden age of Magical Realism, Spanish and Latin American writers produced works that would, by some, be considered to be at the same level as the great Italian, French, and English works. Two people have been credited for coining the term Magical Realism, Dudley Fitts and Franz Roh. Which one gets the actual credit would be very difficult to state. However, it is not important who did the deed it is important the deed was done. Professor Angel Flores remarked that A Universal History of Infamy, written by Jorges Luis Borges marks the birth Magical Realism (Flor es 109-117). Jorges Luis Borges works are similar the works of Kafka. Both Kafkas and Borges works reflect a collaboration of realism and fantasy. Before all the greatness of Magical Realism was realized, it was thought that the Spanish and Latin American fiction couldnt produce anything beyond simple works. However, times have changed, an abundance of great works and attributes are derived from the Latin American culture and its writings.Magical realism is the writing of Spanish and Latin American au... ...ers mind. Perhaps in music, Magical Realism has the most effect on the masses. Although most people might not realize they are being affected by Magical Realism, in actuality they are dealing with it everyday.As a conclusion to the statements above, one must remember that Magical Realism is neither Science Fiction nor Magical Literature. Rather, it is in everyday life and is all around. Magical Realism is also not to be underestimated it includes works, which are legendary.Works CitedFlores, Angel. Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction. Magical RealismTheory, History, Community.Ed.Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B.Faris.Durham,N.C. Duke UP, 1995109-117.Leal, Luis. Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature. Magical Realism Theory, History, Community. Ed.Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris.Durham, N.C Duke UP, 1995119-124.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

It has been said that the best way to make your dreams come true is to consequence up. But as I reminisce about our long time together at Lafayette, I realize it takes so much more to attain your dreams. Struggles, victories, joys, sorrows, understandings, confusions, these conscious experiences have paved the way for us to be here tonight, leading us to the realization of our dreams. This ceremony today marks the end to four nerve-wracking, diligent, years and the beginning of something which, although difficult to predict, is guaranteed to be at least the greatest adventure we as adults have embarked upon yet. The success, which we will confront and the many challenges, which lie ahead, will excogitate upon the skills, we have acquired together. Our minds have been challenged, expanded, and nurtured by our teachers. We became learned in Math, Science, English, History, and the Arts, and with this knowledge we were able to plot realistic courses for our dreams. Our teachers becam e our mentors and in many cases our close friends. It is due to their encouragement and solemn belief that we ...

Understanding Product Knowledge When Purchasing a Computer :: Essays Papers

Understanding Product Knowledge When Purchasing a ComputerBuying a computer seems like a daunting task to many. in that location are many factors to look at when making a purchase. Brand tell apart, functionality, speed and customer support are just some of the factors that one must consider when researching the options. In order to wisely purchase a computer, one must attain a considerable amount of product knowledge, to get the most rank for their dollar.Consumers have different levels of product knowledge, which they can use to interpret information and make product choices. (Peter 64) When researching computers, product knowledge could range in consumers minds from abstract to slight abstract thoughts about the options. Within this scope of abstract to less abstract options could be 4 sub-categories of product knowledge. These include product class, product form, brand name and the model or features.The most abstract and first of the four categories is product class. This is the most basic of the four categories. Simply for this demonstration, the product class being discussed is a desktop computer or generally the product type. Now this class differs slightly from some other similar computing product classes such as laptop computers, mainframes and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The second of the four sub-categories is product form. The basic product form differentiation that one must make is what do you command a computer for and if you need a understructure-based PC or furrow-based PC. This would be considered identifying the product class, a home-based system versus a business based-one. The fact is that the average home user who needs a general-purpose PC to go on the Internet and run productivity applications differs little from the average worker in an office. Indeed, the real features in a vendors business line does not differ much from whats in the home, except at the extreme end of the spectrum, such as a non-upg radeable closed-box corporate PC versus a loaded gamers system with all the entertainment trappings that a business user would find superfluous. (MSN) If the computer is strictly for business or word processing purposes and will rarely be relied upon for gaming and multi-media applications than sound and graphics components are less important because theres little need to backup up with the newest games that require the best graphics and sound components.

Understanding Product Knowledge When Purchasing a Computer :: Essays Papers

Understanding Product Knowledge When Purchasing a ComputerBuying a computer seems like a daunting working class to many. There are many factors to consider when making a purchase. Brand name, functionality, speed and customer support are just some of the factors that one must consider when researching the options. In order to wisely purchase a computer, one must attain a considerable amount of product knowledge, to get the nigh value for their dollar.Consumers have different levels of product knowledge, which they can use to interpret information and make product choices. (Peter 64) When researching computers, product knowledge could range in consumers minds from come up to less abstract thoughts about the options. Within this scope of abstract to less abstract options could be 4 sub-categories of product knowledge. These include product class, product form, steel name and the model or features.The most abstract and first of the four categories is product class. This is t he most basic of the four categories. Simply for this demonstration, the product class beingness discussed is a desktop computer or generally the product type. Now this class differs slightly from some other similar computing product classes such(prenominal) as laptop computers, mainframes and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The second of the four sub-categories is product form. The basic product form differentiation that one must make is what do you sine qua non a computer for and if you need a home-based PC or business-based PC. This would be considered identifying the product class, a home-based system versus a business based-one. The fact is that the average out home user who needs a general-purpose PC to go on the Internet and run productivity applications differs little from the average worker in an office. Indeed, the actual features in a vendors business line does not differ much from whats in the home, except at the extreme end of the spectrum, such as a non-upgradeable closed-box corporate PC versus a loaded gamers system with all the entertainment trappings that a business user would find superfluous. (MSN) If the computer is purely for business or word processing purposes and will rarely be relied upon for gaming and multi-media applications than sound and graphics components are less important because theres little need to keep up with the newest games that require the best graphics and sound components.

The Importance of Global Marketing Strategy

Nowadays, for many businesses, expanding means going globose it means managing to bring your merchandises or services to more than and more target markets around the world. The technology, infrastructure, and communications have developed so much that it is no longer impossible or that difficult to open up to new business markets. However, in order to be successful in this endeavor, you need to have a global marketing strategy.The way you promote your product in the United States will non have the alike(p) impact in Australia for example, or in Asia, so you need to come up with a battle plan for each culture. The amazing thing today is that you dont need to have a very large business or be part of a corporation in order to operate in other countries or continents. All you need is for your product to be valuable, for it to be demanded or you can create demand for it, and that could be part of your global marketing strategy.The first thing that you need to understand about it is t hat it definitely is non something standardized you need to ply your product for the consumers, you need to adapt the product itself, or the way it is promoted. You can, for example, standardize your logo, thus making it recognizable around the world, exactly things such as encase, promotions, commercials, and your advertising strategy have to be adjusted to the culture, economy and society they atomic number 18 intended for.Your global marketing strategy is provided an aspect of your global strategy, and it has to take into consideration several lucubrates, such as research and development, finances, market trends, surveys and so on. First of all, you have to define your goals think of what you ar trying to achieve by going global, about the challenges and difficulties you face with a new market, or the competitors you may or may not have. Every detail of this process is important, because the clearer your objectives are, the easier it will be to find solutions and be succes sful on the global market.For example, depending on the countries or continents you want to reach, think of what can stay the same(p) and what has to be adapted to that type of society. Perhaps you can keep parts of the packaging, but the way you advertise has to be different although youre selling the same product, how you present it can be totally different from country to country. It doesnt matter if you have to change things drastically for each country be prosperous that you have the tools and resources to adapt.The better you promote your product, the bigger the chances of success. Learn everything you can about each target and see what they respond to that way youll be able to start an appropriate position and become familiar with your new customers. Today, thanks to the Internet, people know about certain products or services even if they are not currently present in their countries you can observe whether there is a gap in the market somewhere and go to fill it, knowing t hat your customers are already lined up.Moreover, you can easily see how people react to similar products, or what marketing strategies function with them. Global marketing strategy is not important just because it brings your company more money and recognition, but also because it can save the company money in those places where advertising or packaging are standardized. The world already tends towards a globalization of spirit, of culture and ideas, and getting globalized products and services is just a natural step. Start working on your global strategy today and see what it can do for your business.

The Climate Crisis

The Climate Crisis Global warming an increase in the primer coats atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse onus resulting especially from pollution. Given the definition it may not sound as s gondolay as it actually is. The whole process of global warming is a science in itself. It may also be known as the climate crisis because scientists believe that the occurrence of such extreme temperatures result bring our earth to turmoil. Almost) President A1 Gore irected an Academy Award winning documentary on the topic called An Inconvenient Truth. The film went into great detail on evidence that scientist make believe found about the effects of global warming. Awareness was the meaning behind Gores movie but the first step to table serviceing ourselves is knowledge. The Sun plays the main spot in the process of global warming. It shines its rays down on earth giving us heat and reflecting back up into the atmosphere. Kind of like when you shine sluttish in a mirror, it reflects back at you.It has been discovered that the Suns magnetic field has doubled since 1900. This tells us that changes in the Sun have had a hand in the recent general warming of the earths climate. If the suns rays come down on earth and are trapped from going back into the atmosphere it causes the temperature to rise and therefore causes numerous issues with the climate and our personal health. Pollution is the main cause of global warming. It is defined as the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Some examples areCarbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbon, and Nitrogen oxide produced by big industries and car emissions. When there is an overabundance of pollution in the air the suns rays get trapped on earth because of something called the Ozone layer. The Ozone layer is the part of the Earths atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of Ozone (03). This causes the ozone to be like a blanket on top of the earth which then causes the temperature to rise. Drastic changes in the weather have been the cause of two storms killing millions of pile in the last entury.Scientists behind Gore believe this is Just the beginning of things to come from global warming. They have discovered that since the earth is so hot the ampere-second caps from the northern and southern poles are melting. This is causing our beaches to be washed away from rise in sea level. In the future it is predicted that the sea level leave rise at least an inch per year. It may be inevitable but it isnt completely unstoppable. When you think of the things like warm days spent on the beach, you should probably cherish them.Someday they may not be there for you to enjoy as your summer tradition. There are some ways you can help reduce the occurrence of the climate crisis that you may not even know about. Changing a light bulb toa fluorescent light bulb will change 150 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Recycling and driving less also stop pollution therefore helping our ozone layer out. Global heat may be something we cant completely stop but we can certainly try to keep it within controllable limits. By ashleymariel 114

Education and Student Life Essay

The most important factor that affects the student career is the value of time. cosmos a student we should do e precisething on time as it never waits for anyone. There are assorted stages in our vitality. One of these stages is student days. Student life is considered as the most important finale of our life. Our future dreams, desires and hopes depend upon it. Student life is a period of preparations. It is a period of education. At this time, our mind is desire clay. Clay is a soft thing and the potter designs various things out of the clay. Like clay, our mind can also be shaped in different ways. Once the pots are made their shape cannot be changed. Likewise, once our character is formed in one way, it cannot be changed easily. If we make right use and observe total education during our student life, we shall be successful in future. On the other hand, if we arent serious at this time, we cant achieve our goals. Students, therefore, should be very careful. We must think seriously before every step we take. We must learn new things as much as possible at this period.Students are the future leaders of a nation. The prosperity of a nation depends on its students. We have a responsibility to acquire proper education, importanttain vertical character and live a respectable social life. Obedience, diligence, regularity and forbearance are the important parts of student life. We must learn perseverance it is the square off of all success. If we are idle and cannot move on according to time, we can achieve nothing.The most important factor that affects the student life is the value of time. universe a student we should do everything on time as it never waits for anyone. Obeying ones parents and teachers and respecting and loving ones elders are the great virtues of a student. Another important part of a students life is his/her social life. A student must have good discipline and he/she must be co-operative with everyone. Social life influences our cha racter in many ways.Many students enter college expecting good times, friendship and a good sense of direction. They short find out that colleges come with challenges and struggles because of the great demands and expectations that are put on the importance of education. Students experience a great deal of stress many times. Thus, it is very important for them to manage a proper routine and stick to it.Student life is the best part of an individuals life. At this time our main task is to study. We should stop thinking of anything else and concentrate on education. Education must be given the top priority. It is not a secret that student life is the best part of life. In this period of time students start their own life. All of them have the right to make their own decisions. At this period a student has to learn a lot of information from the books and other sources of info.It means that he or she should decide and determine main points in the life. Initially, the student becomes a person with his or her own way of looking at things. Student life is very useful because it prepares students for the real life. It means that student life is a life of learning. For the first time a person, either a girl or a boy prepares for the difficulties in the life. The atmosphere of this life is hardened. This life learns good manners and morality. In this period of time students form their world outlook.Being a student, he or she takes part in different competitions, tournaments and educational trips. During this period student learns and educates. That is why it is so important not to get into bad company however the temptation is great, it is very difficult to do but all the same possible. To tell you the truth, everything depends from the person. But in spite of the fact, the student life is a golden period of every person.

Othello speech

Appearance verses reality is a philosophical question. We all know that what we perceive may not always be reality. Good Morning Yr 11 Students, I understand that you brook been closely studying Othello, both Shakespeare and Davies version. In your studies, you would have discovered many links between the two, through unambiguous themes and values, displayed by many different characters.A theme I have discovered and would like to present to you today, is that of appearance verses reality and how it is altered kayoed-of-pocket to the changing contexts of Shakespearian original Othello and Davies screenplay Othello. This is evident through the use of the protagonist, Desman, in the way she carries and portrays herself. Within Shakespearean play, Othello, the theme of appearance verses reality, proves to us, through Desman, that what appears may not always be. This is due to Othello outlook on his wife.The character of Desman is seen to be quite the role model of a woman, in the 17t h century England. Women in that day and age were seen to observe the most dominant male in their lives, if they were married, it be their husbands, if they were not, it be their fathers. If a woman were to disobey her husband and/or be dishonest with him, it would seem out of character, as they were seen to be innocent, and naive. In that case, women dormancy with anyone other than her husband was morally wrong, and not expected.In Adhesions case, she appeared to be innocent and naive when she is asked Are you not a jadestone? And replies with No, as I am a Christian. She is also shown as not knowing what Othello had been accusing her of, and had remained true to her husband, therefore she is wronged and is what she appears to be. Whereas in Davies screenplay version having being coterie three centuries later, a lot was different in the way the theme was portrayed.Women in the 20th century London, had more equal rights than woman previously did, so it was common for them to have their own freedom. Due to this new found equality, it meant it was not a surprise if they slept around. Therefore Desman seems less innocent in this version, as it was a more common thing, to kip around. Desman is portrayed as secretive, giving the signs she may have done wrong and is not what she appears to be. The fact that she has interest in cassia in this version, also plants a seed of doubt in our minds about who she might be.Ago is also very persuasive in what he says to Othello about Desman sleeping around in her younger years, painting her out to be different to what we initially think. The context of this film does not suggest it is uncommon for people to sleep around, leading us and Othello to believe that Deities is dishonest. In this version, Deities being shown as secretive, is portrayed through a close up shot of Deities, revealing her mischievous nervus facialis expression, when Othello suggests the idea of Deities sleeping tit Cassia, she immediately pushes it a way and attempts to distract him through flirting.In comparison to Shakespearean play, Deities is not seen to be as pure and innocent and therefrom in this screenplay version we, as an audience, are unsure of whether Deities is what she seems. From both these versions of Othello, we draw the conclusion that the theme of appearance verses reality, has been changed to manipulate the audiences perception of certain characters. I have presented this to you today, through the character Desman. We now see that what appears to be, may or may not be in reality.

Concept of Service Profit Chain for Apple

The Service-Profit Chain at present by by James L. Heskett, W. Earl Sasser, Joseph Wheeler Relevance Today The aid-profit chain (SPC) is as relevant today as it was when we wrote about it in Putting the Service-Profit Chain to operation, in the March 1994 electric receptacle of Harvard Business Review. In fact, third of the co- conditions of that article pass water since left the academy to apply SPC principles in the business world. Company Examples Highly successful companies like Bouygues Telecom in France (now the third largest in its markets in the hug drug age since its founding) and ING DIRECT (now the 17th largest bank in the U.S. after just seven years) create been puddled since then, based on service-profit chain (SPC) relationships. Others, much(prenominal) as Rackspace Hosting (engaged in Web site design and management), Westpac (one of Australias leading banks), CEMEX (one of the worlds largest cement companies, based in Mexico), Harrahs Entertainment (a lead er in brand casino entertainment, based in Reno, Nevada), and Baptist Health Cargon (a not-for-profit health c atomic number 18 boldness centered in northwest Florida and southern Alabama), have been revitalized through with(predicate) satisfys suggested by SPC relationships.Positive examples of SPC practice atomic number 18 commonly found in companies at the top of Fortunes 100 Best Places to Work and the W all in all track Journals best-performing companies. Other companies, such as overlap City, provide examples of what happens when organizations manage themselves into a doom loop of negative SPC relationships. In March 2007, Circuit City announced that it would replace 3,400 of its more experienced, higher-paid salespeople with smart, lower-paid hires. In so doing, it damaged client satisfaction and ultimately suffered the monetary consequences. Service-Profit Chain AnalysisIn the erstwhile(prenominal) 14 years literally hundreds of academic studies have examined one or more of the seven links in the service-profit chain we described in our 1994 article. (David Maister, author of Practice What You urge What Managers Must Do to Create a High Achievement Culture (New York The Free press out, 2001), proved in an extensive study the cause-and-effect relationships that outlast amid variant elements of the SPC. ) Of the studies that have been done, all but a handful have confirmed the relationships in all kinds of for-profit and not-for-profit service activities.Some researchers have taken issue with certain of our hypotheses. In particular, several have found weak or negative relationships between employee satisfaction and productivity and between node satisfaction and financial measures. In part, this digest be explained by sudden management actions that have not yet been fully felt throughout the SPC. For example, changes in such things as staffing policies and organisational social organization produce effects that may temporarily disrupt re lationships between measures of employee and customer satisfaction. The Importance of All the Links in the ChainAs we have proceed our work, we have learned, among another(prenominal) things, that * An organization and its leadership cant cherry pick ideas or focus on single relationships in the SPC for maximum effectiveness, all of them must be addressed. * Firms performing well on one SPC dimension are probably doing well on others, too. * It all begins with the first link between the quality of the oeuvre and employee satisfaction. This link includes such variables as employee selection and recognition, as well as amenities and benefits designed to help employees achieve results for customers and themselves.Companies such as SAS (a leader in business intelligence and predictive analytics software, headquartered in Cary, NC) and Wegmans supermarkets (a regional chain centered in the northeast U. S. ) that invest deeply in workplace quality are consistently found near the top o f the list of best places to work in the US. * There are patterns of practice that lead to SPC success. For example, some best-practice organizations have been construct on groups of employees with latitude to hire, develop, and, if necessary, fire team members and with responsibility for the process and profitability of a piece of the business. Customers that we termed apostles in 1994 drive most or all of a firms profits through what we have more recently come to think of as the five Rs of customer or employee induceership retention, relate sales, referral, recruitment, and research and development. Wegmans Supermarkets Take the case of Wegmans supermarkets. The conjunctions mission is to set our goal to be the very best at answer our customers. Every action we take should be made with our customers in mind. We also believe that we can achieve our goal only if we fulfill the involve of our own people. At Wegmans, these are more than just words. According to Fortune, Wegma ns has ranked in the top five places to work in the U. S. for several years. In part, this is because CEO Danny Wegman and his team seek to create exciting experiences centered around food for both their employees and their customers. This even involves sending selected employees to Europe to study the practices of chefs creating gourmet cuisine. After interacting with employees, a impress number of the companys customers apply for jobs, self-selecting into an organization they believe in.A substantial portion of the companys marketing effort fosters word-of-mouth referrals from existing customers. Ideas for new food items, recipes, and presentations are regularly solicited from and provided by customers and employees. As a result, Wegmans delivers unmatched value in spite of prices that are sometimes higher than competitors. This, in turn, leads to bankable performance and growth in a very competitive business. Customers and Employees as ApostlesFollowing the publication of Put ting the Service-Profit Chain to Work, the work of two of us (Heskett and Sasser, in cooperation with Joe Wheeler) has focused on the payoffs from applying service-profit chain concepts to groups of employees and customers that exhibit what we call owner behaviors. Findings from this work go forth comprise the contents of our new book, The Ownership Quotient, to be published by Harvard Business Press later in 2008. These employees and customers arent just satisfied, loyal, and willing to recommend a company or its products or operate to others.They are apostles who truly recruit others to an organizationeither as a place to work or to bring their business. And they recommend improvements in how a product is designed or a service delivered, often through constructive complaints that are noted, processed, and acted upon by companies that foster owner behaviors. Our attention to owners was captured when we found that in the organizations we have studied so far, a customer/owner is w orth more than a hundred price-sensitive, non-loyal customers.Organizations that understand this, such as Harrahs Entertainment and Rackspace Hosting, have designed ship canal of identifying and catering to customer/owners, often by creating ownership attitudes among their employees. These organizations build ownership in a number of ways * They organize around cross-functional teams of employees, each of which is trustworthy for managing itself and developing relationships with a group of dedicated customers. (For example, at Rackspace Hosting, teams of Rackers are responsible for building business relationships with assigned groups of customers seeking help in managing their Web sites. * They cautiously select the customers they will serve. (For example, at ING DIRECT, desired customers for on-line banking are targeted and others are fired. ) * They use firm-wide databases that enable employees to share information in order to tailor products and services to customer needs. (For example, Harrahs Entertainment has a Total Rewards customer database. ) * They understand and meet individual customer needs and interests. (For example, employees at Build-A-Bear Workshops are trained to explore for and respond to needs of individual customers in the store itself, as well as those who visit the companys Web site. * They often engage customers in the delivery of a product. (For example, IKEA customers are encouraged to transport and assemble their furniture purchases themselves. ) * They identify values, behaviors, measures, and actions necessary to build and maintain an ownership mentality. (For example, Baptist Health Care has set the critical elements of its organizational culture integrity, vision, innovation, superior service, stewardship, and teamwork. )Concept of Service Profit Chain for AppleThe Service-Profit Chain Today by by James L. Heskett, W. Earl Sasser, Joseph Wheeler Relevance Today The service-profit chain (SPC) is as relevant today as it was whe n we wrote about it in Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work, in the March 1994 issue of Harvard Business Review. In fact, three of the co-authors of that article have since left the academy to apply SPC principles in the business world. Company Examples Highly successful companies like Bouygues Telecom in France (now the third largest in its markets in the ten years since its founding) and ING DIRECT (now the 17th largest bank in the U.S. after just seven years) have been created since then, based on service-profit chain (SPC) relationships. Others, such as Rackspace Hosting (engaged in Web site design and management), Westpac (one of Australias leading banks), CEMEX (one of the worlds largest cement companies, based in Mexico), Harrahs Entertainment (a leader in branded casino entertainment, based in Reno, Nevada), and Baptist Health Care (a not-for-profit health care organization centered in northwest Florida and southern Alabama), have been revitalized through actions suggest ed by SPC relationships.Positive examples of SPC practice are commonly found in companies at the top of Fortunes 100 Best Places to Work and the Wall Street Journals best-performing companies. Other companies, such as Circuit City, provide examples of what happens when organizations manage themselves into a doom loop of negative SPC relationships. In March 2007, Circuit City announced that it would replace 3,400 of its more experienced, higher-paid salespeople with new, lower-paid hires. In so doing, it damaged customer satisfaction and ultimately suffered the financial consequences. Service-Profit Chain AnalysisIn the past 14 years literally hundreds of academic studies have examined one or more of the seven links in the service-profit chain we described in our 1994 article. (David Maister, author of Practice What You Preach What Managers Must Do to Create a High Achievement Culture (New York The Free Press, 2001), proved in an extensive study the cause-and-effect relationships tha t exist between various elements of the SPC. ) Of the studies that have been done, all but a handful have confirmed the relationships in all kinds of for-profit and not-for-profit service activities.Some researchers have taken issue with certain of our hypotheses. In particular, several have found weak or negative relationships between employee satisfaction and productivity and between customer satisfaction and financial measures. In part, this can be explained by sudden management actions that have not yet been fully felt throughout the SPC. For example, changes in such things as staffing policies and organizational structure produce effects that may temporarily disrupt relationships between measures of employee and customer satisfaction. The Importance of All the Links in the ChainAs we have continued our work, we have learned, among other things, that * An organization and its leadership cant cherry pick ideas or focus on single relationships in the SPC for maximum effectiveness, all of them must be addressed. * Firms performing well on one SPC dimension are probably doing well on others, too. * It all begins with the first link between the quality of the workplace and employee satisfaction. This link includes such variables as employee selection and recognition, as well as amenities and benefits designed to help employees achieve results for customers and themselves.Companies such as SAS (a leader in business intelligence and predictive analytics software, headquartered in Cary, NC) and Wegmans supermarkets (a regional chain centered in the northeast U. S. ) that invest deeply in workplace quality are consistently found near the top of the list of best places to work in the US. * There are patterns of practice that lead to SPC success. For example, many best-practice organizations have been built on teams of employees with latitude to hire, develop, and, if necessary, fire team members and with responsibility for the growth and profitability of a piece of the business. Customers that we termed apostles in 1994 drive most or all of a firms profits through what we have more recently come to think of as the five Rs of customer or employee ownership retention, related sales, referral, recruitment, and research and development. Wegmans Supermarkets Take the case of Wegmans supermarkets. The companys mission is to set our goal to be the very best at serving our customers. Every action we take should be made with our customers in mind. We also believe that we can achieve our goal only if we fulfill the needs of our own people. At Wegmans, these are more than just words. According to Fortune, Wegmans has ranked in the top five places to work in the U. S. for several years. In part, this is because CEO Danny Wegman and his team seek to create exciting experiences centered around food for both their employees and their customers. This even involves sending selected employees to Europe to study the practices of chefs creating gourmet cuisine. After interacting with employees, a surprising number of the companys customers apply for jobs, self-selecting into an organization they believe in.A substantial portion of the companys marketing effort fosters word-of-mouth referrals from existing customers. Ideas for new food items, recipes, and presentations are regularly solicited from and provided by customers and employees. As a result, Wegmans delivers unmatched value in spite of prices that are sometimes higher than competitors. This, in turn, leads to profitable performance and growth in a very competitive business. Customers and Employees as ApostlesFollowing the publication of Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work, the work of two of us (Heskett and Sasser, in cooperation with Joe Wheeler) has focused on the payoffs from applying service-profit chain concepts to groups of employees and customers that exhibit what we call owner behaviors. Findings from this work will comprise the contents of our new book, The Ownership Quotient, to be published by Harvard Business Press later in 2008. These employees and customers arent just satisfied, loyal, and willing to recommend a company or its products or services to others.They are apostles who actually recruit others to an organizationeither as a place to work or to bring their business. And they recommend improvements in how a product is designed or a service delivered, often through constructive complaints that are noted, processed, and acted upon by companies that foster owner behaviors. Our attention to owners was captured when we found that in the organizations we have studied so far, a customer/owner is worth more than a hundred price-sensitive, non-loyal customers.Organizations that understand this, such as Harrahs Entertainment and Rackspace Hosting, have designed ways of identifying and catering to customer/owners, often by creating ownership attitudes among their employees. These organizations build ownership in a number of ways * They organize around cross-functional teams of employees, each of which is responsible for managing itself and developing relationships with a group of dedicated customers. (For example, at Rackspace Hosting, teams of Rackers are responsible for building business relationships with assigned groups of customers seeking help in managing their Web sites. * They carefully select the customers they will serve. (For example, at ING DIRECT, desired customers for on-line banking are targeted and others are fired. ) * They use firm-wide databases that enable employees to share information in order to tailor products and services to customer needs. (For example, Harrahs Entertainment has a Total Rewards customer database. ) * They understand and meet individual customer needs and interests. (For example, employees at Build-A-Bear Workshops are trained to look for and respond to needs of individual customers in the store itself, as well as those who visit the companys Web site. * They often engage customer s in the delivery of a product. (For example, IKEA customers are encouraged to transport and assemble their furniture purchases themselves. ) * They identify values, behaviors, measures, and actions necessary to build and maintain an ownership mentality. (For example, Baptist Health Care has identified the critical elements of its organizational culture integrity, vision, innovation, superior service, stewardship, and teamwork. )

Look Under Description

With vast referencing to Allah in the various stories compiling The Arabian Nights, comparison of spirit level to the teachings of the Quran are a warranted article for evaluation. In the introductory story, Story of King Shahryar and His Brother, the King discovers his wife to be an adulteress and decides to bestow upon her punishment by execution.With his brother having suffered the same through the actions of his own wife, the king concludes that all women are not to be trusted and that the world would benefit through having a fewer number of them. As a result of this resolve, he commits to marrying champion virgin a night, taking her to his bed, and then having her killed in the morning. This practice continues for years. Sura 24, Al-Nr, of the Quran offers an nice foundation to discover if the actions in the story coincide with the codes of conduct taught in Islam with respect to womens role in marriage and in society.Systematically reviewing the Sura, one may conclude that n o definitive variation is stated mingled with womens societal role and that of men. However, her role of being a woman and what that doer in respect to protecting herself and her chastity is addressed. Instruction is given to men to restrain their looks and guard their senses (2431-32). This instruction is given also to women, with the addition of hiding their yellowish pink and adornments from those outside of specified individuals, stating that the beauty and adornments of a woman are reserved for her husband.They are not to be concerned with showing themselves to those who either are as well as young to understand the relationship between man and woman, or individuals outside of the family who have no desire for women (2431-32). In the Story of King Shahryar and His Brother, the kings wives are spoken of as being beautiful. It does not make reference to how they are dressed, but the impression is made that they are not covered as instructed by the Quran. This is not to sugges t that the failure to cover is cause for their demise, but a simple observation.The actions of the younger brother, King of Samarkand, are an obvious and blatant rebellion against Islamic rule in accordance to Sura 24. While the witnessing of a wife committing adultery by the husband alone is evidence for punishment, he must bear witness four times in the name of Allah that he is telling the truth, and a fifth time that Allahs curse be upon him if he lies (247-11). This younger brother took it upon himself to kill his wife, and mentioned nothing of the situation to anyone until he spoke of it to his brother some time later. Though the eldest King, King Shahryar, was not the fillet of sole witness to his wifes sin, his punishment of murder is not the instructed penalty.However, it is not this murder, but the many that took place daily thereafter, in conjunction with the terms of arrangement, which raise up such a contradiction to Sura 24. A man and a woman are to be arranged in ma rriage (2433-35). Again, this reflects equality between the sexes, as both are under the same instruction. In the story, this arranged marriage is seen routinely between the King and his nightly bride. The difference being that in the story, these women were given to him out of fear by their families. This marriage arrangement was by the king more so than by the womans controlling figures. in that respect are similarities between Story of King Shahryar and His Brother and the Quran, however, the differences are more severe. It would be an act of ignorance to take any of the stories from The Arabian Nights and use them as an exponent of Islam and the teachings of the Quran. This story did not accurately reflect what a marriage is in Islam, nor did it make reference to a womans role either in marriage, in society, or in self. The story depicts a woman as somebody who can be assigned and given away much in the way you would assign or give away material property. Such a story does not echo the lessons of Islam found Sura 24, or of Islam as a whole. ReferencesBurton, R. (1850). The Arabian Nights Khan, MZ. (1997) The Quran Arabic text with a new translation by Muhammad Zafrulla KhanI. Brooklyn Olive Branch Press

Cowgirl Chocolates Essay

Marilyn Lysohir and her husband, Ross Coates started Cowgirl Chocolates located on tertiary street in Moscow, Idaho in 1997. Cowgirl Chocolates offered hot and down(p) creations in three basic forms individually absorbed truffles, coffee tree bars, and a hot caramel dessert sauce and provided various packaging offers such as gift boxes, collectible tins, plain plastic bags or gold wrappers. Truffles were available in plain chocolate, mint, orange, spread tequila, and espresso and the chocolate bars were available in orange espresso or lime tequila crunch.Despite not nonrecreational herself a salary and occasionally bartering her art for services, the small works revenues of $30,000 did not come culture to covering her $50,000+ in expenses. She just was not sure how to turn her award winning products into a paying business ( diaphysis/Donnelly, Jr. , pp. 488-491). The following paragraphs are discussion on the relative merits of using a cost-based, learn-based, and competit ion-based legal injury method in reference to Cowgirl Chocolates.Cost-based pricing is a certain add together of everything within the business industry. When termination making on the impairment of products, a company must first calculate the cost expenses of the production of the items or services. solicit-based pricing represents pricing products by demand flow. When products are in demand hence the price of the items canister be increased safely. But, if the demand is low then you learn to be methodical in your price increase strategy. So it is beneficial to create alternative products just in case is extremely necessary.Demand based pricing is a policy that sets the price of a product according to the perceived bar that customers are entrusting to pay, rather than according to the production cost (Encarta, 2009). Competition Based pricing compares products in the market to your products and distinguishes whether those products have an benefit over your current produ cts. Four options that Cowgirl Chocolates could consider as far as pricing may be price lining, promotional pricing, premium pricing and demand-based pricing.I would utilize demand based pricing which is a policy that sets the price of a product according to the perceived amount that customers are willing to pay, rather than according to the production cost (Encarta, 2009). It must be recognized in ilk manner that the effect on profit will be a factor there may be some(prenominal) factors other than profit influencing the selling price decision. Even taking an iterative approach, it may be unrealistic to expect single demand estimates to be made.Sales demand forecasting is difficult and a range of demand possibilities at each possible selling price may be utilise to guide management decision making (Coulthurst, 2002). Although I am not usually a chocolate eater, I do have a few recommendations that might have helped Marilyn in her time of decision New Market Prospect Marilyn ma y want to contact her mentor atDaffins Chocolates in Sharon, Pennsylvania. She could publicize him/her a sample of each Cowgirl Chocolate product and ask her mentors opinion if they like the product, then she could ask them if they would be willing to allow her shelf space to market her product.She could capture sweeping and a portion of the retail dollars to deck back into her business. Repackaging I originally was going to recommended that she eliminate the triplex colors for the packaging of her products due to the cost but after looking at her website the colors are quite eye catching. I would tell her to capture more capital for her business she should concentrate on the website she has and market that a bit more. The website is more personable and only cost $25. 00 a month and was a third of her product sales she would also capture the wholesale and retail dollars.Lastly, not everyone likes hot and spicy products so her decision to make a mild line is a great decision and will help her expand her customer base. Spicy vs. Mild Cowgirl Chocolates is focused on promoting spicy chocolates, but realistically it should concentrate on a different variety as a back-up plan in the emergence that demand is low for the spicy version. For Cowgirl Chocolates, most competition in the industry comes from the businesses producing sweet chocolates. Cowgirl Chocolates may have an advantage on packaging and peradventure taste for the spicy chocolates but does not have an advantage on sweet chocolates. Utilize Inventory Wisely Marilyn needs to cut the labels that she currently has in farm animal to fit the tin modifications. She already has $7000 in extra packaging & labels on hand, it is not wise to dump more money into new labels that will cost $395 for a plate/printing die add-on $152 for the new labels to be printed. She could offer packaging product in the gift boxes purchased 3 years ago, possibly charging $1. 00 extra to try and capture the $9000 expense. Th is way at least she can recuperate something for inventory that has turn out to be a very bad investment. Ingredients They could balance the elements that are contributing to the production costs of the chocolates and then they could balance out with their competitions. This way the company would be able to increase market demand and so expect an increase in profit sales as well. For the Cowgirl Chocolates, coming up with a cost-based price would mean decreasing some expenses by modifying packaging or possibly modifying their recipes and/or chocolate ingredients they use. I researched Cowgirl Chocolates and found that they have a great selection they sell tens of thousands of chocolate a year and prongy their sales every year.The ingredients stand alone on their own and the sauces are used by several restaurants to cook with. To her credit Marilyn has won two awards in 2010 for her chocolates. The internet and word of mouth keep her business flowing, she receives orders from all over the world including Antarctica I even joined her email list and intend on trying her chocolates. . Works Cited J. Paul Peter/James H. Donnelly, Jr, (2008), Marketing Management, Knowledge and Skills Eighth Edition. pp. 489-492, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. J. Paul Peter/James H. Donnelly, Jr, (2008), Marketing Management, Knowledge and Skills Eighth Edition.Retrieved from online. pcdi. com, BM350_Assignment_08 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http//online. pcdi. com/ec/crs/cntentItem. learn? CourseID=2901074&47=6493555&dt=8%2F15%2) . Demand-based pricing definition Dictionary Encarta, 2009 http//encarta. msn. com/dictionary_561538482/demand-based_pricing. html Demand-based pricing definition Niguel Coulthurst 03 Apr 2002 http//www. accaglobal. com/students/student_accountant/archive/2002/25/404831 Cowgirl Chocolates 2009 Cowgirl Chocolates http//www. cowgirlchocolates. com/beta/thankyou. shtml

Authentic Leadership

condition Summary Authentic leading for 21st century befuddle delivery from the International Journal of cast off Management APA citation Lloyd-Walker, Beverley1 beverley. emailprotected edu. au Walker, Derek(2). International Journal of Project Management May2011, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p383-395. Retrieved from EBSCOhost, summarized by Rachell Bishop. Summary The pick up managers of the 21st century will need to adopt new leadership models to catch continuous improvement. There are three primary points that the article & study present.CMM (Capability maturity model), Authentic leadership and Alliance project management are at the forefront of the study. The importance of soft aptitudes such as stimulated intelligence, relationship building, trust and commitment are emphasized rather than the hard core skillful skills held by project managers in general. The necessity to transition from transactional and transformational leadership styles to veritable(a) leadership style is prese nted in detail. The authors noted the differences in leadership approaches and skill sets that will be necessary for project managers to be made and remain relevant in the future. . Leadership styles Transactional, Transformational and Authentic 2. CMM (Capability maturity model) Integration of transactional and transformational leadership styles resulting in authentic leadership paradigm 3. Alliancing Demonstrated team building and cooperation among project management professionals to achieve optimal project delivery for all not just cite stakeholders 4. Authentic leadership soft skills overall emotional intelligence as demonstrated through ethical and moral actions, integrity and clarity in actors line and behavior, honesty, fairness and relational development 5.Generational shift Baby Boomer, Gen X and Gen Y valuation of leadership skill sets must be addressed 6. Project managers and leaders project-based versus project-oriented 7. Implementation Communication and engagement of all stakeholders is key The pilot study and preliminary research results concluded that there are major changes necessary for project management to evolve and remain relevant in the 21st century workplace. Authentic leadership, a CMM invention and soft skills are particularly relevant for the continuous improvement of the project management field.

Corporate Parenting Essay

Childrens homes operate under the directorate of Corporate P atomic number 18nting meaning that when a minor is placed in the childrens home on an interim or full oversee clubhouse or even if the child is voluntary placed by the trust ( once they become looked after), the round within the home induct responsibilities which include safeguarding the untried persons welf ar when their needs are being considered by the courts and also taking into consideration when making decisions the views of the child, parent and any another(prenominal) person involved with the young person. As a incarnate parent the childs religious identity, racial origin, cultural and lingual background all need to be considered, also your role includes preparing the young person for life when they go forth no longer be looked after by the trust.Staff in residential care have a legal responsibility to each young person as directed by the Childrens Order (NI) 1995. Under the directorate of corporate parent ing social care staff with in childrens homes are obliged to look after and treat any young person as any other good parent would look after their own child. Social workers in residential care tense to involve the childs parent in the decision making process of the childs life and work in partnership with parents, however there rout out be occasions where a parent does not act in the best interests of their child and the trust as a corporate parent can limit a decision made by the parent.Professional CarerProfessional Carers can be employed within the statutory, voluntary and private sector, again professional carers (i.e) foster parents/ fee compensable carers or emergency foster carers have a responsibility to provide a duty of care to safeguard and protect the welfare and well being of each child placed with them. Professional carers are also governed by policies and procedures and legislation which are a requirement by law.

A brief history of shia muslims

It is a fact that Muslims all over the world argon divided in two large gatherings -Shias and Sunnis. They curb strong differences in political and religious views.Though they share the same Quran and hadith yet their recital of Islam has very some things in common (Lucas, 2008). That is why they have been at logger-heads through stunned Islamic History. some(prenominal) claim to be the thoifiedlyeous one and regard a nonher one as strayed away from the right path.Shia literally means group or comrade. And Shias were originally those people who were with Hazrat Ali and were normally called as Shia-e-Ali, i.e., comrades of Ali or his companions. later on on Ali was dropped and they are now only called Shias.It is interesting to know their history. How they came to public is a good eyeshade to start from. When the Prophet (pbuh) passed away the question of his successor rose and each group among Muslims claimed his right to wee-wee the government.Ansars (Muslims of Medina) and Mohajireen (Muslims of Mecca who had migrated to Medina) were strong claimers but the matter was sorted out amicably when somebody from the righteous companions narrated one Hadith in favor of Mohajireen (Lucas, 2008). As a result Hazrat Abu-Bakr was make the Caliph.When he was on his death bed, he appointed Hazrat Umar as his successor and he ruled for ten years without any dissent. When he was fatally wounded and people lost their hope of his recovery, they asked him to appoint his successor bring home the baconing the toe of his predecessor. Initially, he declined but when they insisted too such(prenominal) he suggested six names including the names of Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Ali.Majority of Muslims preferred Hazrat Usman to Hazrat Ali and ultimately he was made the Caliph. He ruled for twelve years but in the last phase of his tenure, he was accuse of nepotism.Actually, there was a Jew named Abdullah Ben Saba. He had a long grudge against Muslims due to several reasons. He could non tolerate it that Muslims prospered and developed in such a short span of time. It was beyond his patience that Islam had been bed covering so rapidly.But he was shrewd enough to realize the fact that he was incapable of fighting Muslims who were the roughly powerful in the world then. So he put upon himself the guise of a Muslim and came to Iraq among Muslims who had just converted to Islam and were quite un sensitive of the fact that Islam abolishes every claim on the ground of birth, caste, race and kinship. It doesnt buy the argument that a rulers son should be made the ruler when his bring dies though he may be bereft of the qualities of a ruler.These ideas were not known to these new comers in the fold of Islam. They were familiar with the ways of their old monarchs who followed the general rule of hierarchy in which the son mechanically occupied the throne of his father when he passed away. In the absence of a son the close copulation was crowned.Therefore wh en Abdullah Ben Saba came to them and said that very grave injustice has been done to Hazrat Ali as his caliphate has been usurped by others, they were easily convinced. They thought it their limitation duty to stand for Hazrat Ali and provide him with his due right.Abdullah Ben Saba had hatched a very dangerous conspiracy. He neer touched the Muslims of Mecca or Medina as he was fully aware that they will easily find out him as a bloody conspirator and will reject his wrong ideas. So he chose the turd of Egypt and Iraq for the propagation of his hierarchal ideas. Muslims of these places were new converts and were therefore easily deceived.In a nutshell, Abdullah Ben Saba spread his snare with too much care. He managed to spread rumors against Hazrat Usman. He got people write letters from Iraq to Egypt and Egypt to Iraq and from different parts of the Islamic conglomerate to Medina spreading the rumors that the Muslims of those places were suffering from different problems due to the inefficient rule of Hazrat Usman.People were aghast with these news. They strongly suspected that Hazrat Usman was not dealing with problems properly. A committee was formed which looked into the alleged problems. It found all the charges baseless and pointed that there were a few mischievous people in those province who wrote all these letters aiming at disrupting the rule and tack together of the Islamic Empire.But being very lenient Hazrat Usman let all these miscreants scot free and did nothing against them. Ultimately, they felt encourage and came marching to Medina with the sole intention to assassinate Hazrat Usman.Hazrat Usman tried to undecided their doubts with arguments and they lost their ground logically and were oblige to return as they had no legitimate cause to rebel against Hazrat Usman.But they assembled again outside Medina and produced a hypocrite letter of Usman in which it was stated that they should be punished by the governors of their provinces a fter their returning. Claiming this false charge they adjoin Hazrat Usmans house and slain him brutally. After the assassination of Hazrat Usman, people were at the mercy of these rebels.The entire conglomerate felt itself in the grip of anarchy. Hazrat Ali saw all these and was too much worried about the affairs of the community. He was approached by the same rebels to take the rein of the caliphate. He hesitated as he was fully aware that though those people insisted on their allegiance to him but they were basically against the very soul of Islam.They were introducing such a version of Islam which had nothing to do with the Islam he knew. But he was also requested by those open and age-old companions of the blessed Prophet who had selected his three predecessors. Therefore keeping the welfare of Islam above any regard he accepted the responsibility of caliphate and was made the fourth rightful Caliph.Events which unfolded afterwards paved the way for the pull along major di vision of Muslims which seems destined to remain unbridgeable till the last Day of Judgment. So it is clear that this difference of views was political in nature.But the early Muslims were so much religious that nothing could claim their circumspection except that which had some religious ground (Esposito, 2005). They were so much religiously charged that only holiness could satisfy them. In this manner they were easily cheated by conspirators like Abdullah Ben Saba and his companions.It is noteworthy that there were a few sincere Muslims too who were of the opinion that Hazrat Ali had been the most deserving candidate of Islamic caliphate after the death of the Holy Prophet due to his relation and station in Islam.He was an important member of the household of the Prophet and was one of those few people who had embraced Islam in the very beginning. There were other grounds also which are not accepted by all sects of Islam such as his being protected from the possibility of commit ting any mistake, etc.Thus Shias came into existence and flourished. Later on they developed their ideology systematically. Now their ideas are very sophisticated and particularly their notions of imamat are very complex. They hold the view that only those people who are completely protected from any electric potential sin deserve to be made Caliphs or imams.Thus they believe that there are twelve Imams such as Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussein, etc. It is also noteworthy that all the Shias are not of the same view nor they follow only one ideology. There are fissures and cleavages among them too and they are ripped apart in their ideology. But as a matter of fact they did not undergo any divisions during the imamate of the first three Imams Ali, Hassan, and Hussein.But after the calvary of Hussein, the majority of the Shias accepted the imamate of Ali Ben Hussein al-Sajjad, while a minority known as the Kisaniyah believed that the third son of Ali, Muhammad bin Hanafiyah, was the fourth Imam as well as the promised Mehdi, and that he had gone into occultation in the Radwa mountains and one day would reappear.After the death of Imam al-Sajjad the majority of the Shias accepted his son, Muhammad al-Baqir as Imam while a minority followed Zayd al-Shahid, another son of Imam al-Sajjad, and became known as Zaydis.Following Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, the Shias accepted his son Jafar al-Sadiq as Imam and after the death of Imam Jafar the majority followed his son Imam Musa al-Kazim as the seventh Imam. However, one group followed the older son of the 6th Imam, Ismail, who had died while his father was still alive, and when this latter group separated from the majority of Shias it became known as Ismailia.Others accepted either Abdullah al-Fatah or Muhammad, both sons of the sixth Imam.Finally, another party stopped with the sixth Imam himself and considered him as the last Imam. In the same way, after the martyrdom of Imam Musa al-Kazim the majority followed his son, Ali al-Rida, as the eighth Imam. However, some stopped with the seventh Imam and became known as the Waqifiyah.

Abnormal Psychology; Defining Abnormality

Abaverageal psychological science Assignment 1- Defining unnaturality Defining perverted demeanor is one of the most difficult and provocative subjects deep d declargon the field of abnormal psychology as thither ar a range of methodologies you can use to define abnormalities. Abnormality is a behavior or condition that strays from what society views as normal and appropriate, consequently causing distress or violate to oneself or those around them.Due to the fact that society has changed through history when defining abnormality, we argon now sufficient to define abnormalities using umpteen diverse scientific and non-scientific approaches. However despite the fact that abnormal behavior can be defined in more than one way, all have their limitations therefore largely psychologists w diabetic use a combination of the following methods when defining abnormalities. Statistical infrequency is one exemplar utilize to define abnormal deportment abnormalities ar defined by how often a sealed type of behaviour occurs.How the mass of people act are unremarkably classed as normal whereas possessing qualities and traits that are uncommon or rare are usually classed as abnormal. Despite the word abnormal invoking a feeling of negativity, pageanting abnormal behaviour is non always viewed as a negative, for example the average homosexual beingness would not be qualified to run 100 metres as quick as Usain skip as that loving of skill is statistically infrequent therefore according to this particular modelling he possesses an abnormal skill further would not be classed as having a psychogenic disorder or in need of treatment.The major strength when using this model of defining abnormalities is that it is not subject to in-person bias as the standards are set and based wholly on statistics and frequencies how common reliable behaviour is and how often it occurs.However there are many limitations when using this model, as mentioned in a hig her place there are many abnormal traits that are statistically infrequent but affablely desirable more(prenominal) as being ambidextrous, but according to this model they would be classed as having a affable disorder or in need of treatment which is not the case due to the fact they have an uncommon ability, furthermore there are abnormal traits whist being a statistically frequent type of behaviour they are socially undesirable such as depression.Another flaw is the fact that the infrequency of some behaviours differ culturally and sub-culturally as certain behaviours are socially acceptable in some cultures but not in others, in addition within certain cultures there maybe differences. In some African cultures being able to deliver to the dead or hearing voices may be statistically infrequent but displaying these kinds of traits are viewed as a blessing therefore socially desirable whereas in the U.K if you professed to be able to speak with dead people, hearing voices or receiving messages from god you would definitely raise concerns with regards to their mental state as this kind of behaviour is statistically infrequent and socially undesirable. One way to define abnormalities is a Deviation social norms. Deviation derives from the word degenerate and this is defined as irregular or unusual behaviour, social norms are the standards of acceptable behaviour set by us and society around us.Therefore deviating from the social norm is an individualist or individuals who act out of character in accordance to the social norms set by society. A simple example of deviating from the social norm is rudeness or lack of politeness. Politeness is fundamental when interacting and communicating with each other positively similarly somebody who is rude is therefore behaving in a deviant way as they are unable to interact with others according to what society expects.However as our culture also defines our social norms within society, likewise the norms we value m ay not be socially accepted within some other culture. A good illustration of this is the contrast of social norms is the unite Kingdom and places in the United Arab Emirates like Dubai, regarding public displays of marrow. In the U. K we have a more relaxed vista of public displays of affection to a certain extent of course, whilst in Dubai it is socially unacceptable still criminal to publicly display affection even in an environment we may deem as socially acceptable such as the beach.One of the most predominant limitations is that defining abnormalities in this way may be susceptible to abuse, as social norms change through history. What may have been acceptable 50 years ago may not be acceptable now and vice versa, for instance in the case of being significant out of wedlock in the 1950s, many women were sectioned and treated for a mental illness, whereas nowadays it is deemed socially acceptable to engage in sex and procreate before marriage without any reprisals or sco urge of institutionalisation.However if we were to define abnormal behaviour with the sensation model of deviating from the social norm, professionals could in turn label everyone that does not conform as mentally ill which is not always the case. ( Szasz 1974, cited in Cardwell and Flanagan, 2008, page 178) Additionally other limitation of defining abnormalities using this characteristic is cultural relativism. As we know the process of defining a deviation from the social norm is majorly influenced by our culture as it is our culture that defines what a particular norm is.For example a psychologist from the United Kingdom may have a diagnosing for an individual displaying abnormal behaviour, such as walking the streets with a gun meanwhile a psychologist in the United States of the States may not. Every culture has their own social norms and within those cultures there are sub-cultures that would have their own social norms therefore the cultural relativity whether it be cross o r sub-culturally has to be taken into key when diagnosing somebodys symptoms as abnormal.Furthermore in the DSM (The Diagnostic and Statistics Manual) there is a section that describes certain patterns of behaviour and syndromes that are specific to certain areas and places around the world. Psychologists call this culture- bound syndromes which means that there are no universal standards when labelling individuals as abnormal, as disorders vary in conjunction to where you and the disorder originate. There is another way to define abnormal behaviour another model is Failure to cultivate adequately.Failure to function adequately from the sufferers point of view manifests itself when they are unable to cope with the daily demands of keep such as working, interacting with others meaningfully, therefore labelling their own behaviour as abnormal resulting in an individual want medical attention. David Rosenhan & Martin Seligman (1989) stated that there are a various touts of abnorma lity other than suffering and maladaptiveness. opposite features are unconventional behaviour, observer discomfort, violation of moral standards, loss of control and irrationality.However just displaying one of the above features is of no great significance, it is the presence of several that would define abnormal behaviour. (www. integratedsociopsychology. net) There are further limitations to this model when defining abnormality, as the patient or professional has to recognise the failure to function adequately is apparent, which is opinion based and may differ. For instance an individual may think their maladaptive abnormal behaviour is dead normal and they are coping fine, meanwhile not being able to comprehend their inability to cope, consecutive others may find their behaviour very distressing.However someone displaying adaptive, abnormal habits such as Obsessive dictatorial Disorder whilst not posing a threat to themselves or society could still be separate as being abno rmal due to unconventional behaviour. Showing signs of distress, irrationality and maladaptive behaviour would usually result in being classed as abnormal but this may not always be the case for example demo signs of distress such as being depressed may be classed as abnormal behaviour but the individual may feel fine even happy.Again when showing signs of irrationality, you may be causing no harm to professing that you may be Jesus but irrational thoughts about death and killing for instance would raise concern, in turn maladaptive behaviour can be demonstrated when an individual self-harms or mutilates we would class them as portraying abnormal behaviour whereas smoking can be seen as self-harming but not enough criterion to be classed as mentally ill due to maladaptive tendencies.Cultural relativity plays a crucial part in this feature when defining abnormalities as each culture functions in different ways, hence the failure to function of necessity to be assessed according to t heir culture. For example, in the United Kingdom dogs are viewed as family members even as companions and the harming of, peculiarly eating a dog is a criminal offense punishable by law. Therefore this behaviour would be considered abnormal whereas in China, dogs are eaten as part of a meal and keeping a dog in the home as a pet would be viewed as abnormal behaviour in China.The standard of one culture cannot be apply to judge another as the symptoms and diagnosis are dependent on the cultural ideals and standards upheld by the individual patient. Alternatively another approach utilize to define abnormal behaviour is Deviating from ideal mental health. This model uses the similar approach used when detecting sensual illness, when diagnosing a somatic illness physicians look for signs of physical health such as regular heartbeat normal body temperature etc. , so an absence seizure of one of these signs would indicate illness.In 1958, Marie Jahoda through research and secondary evidence developed a theory that if physical illness can be detected by the absence of the standard signs of health then rather mental health could be also. (en. wikipedia. org) The characteristics she identified as defining someone as being of exemplar Mental Health included having an accurate view of reality, integration and ability to deal with stressful situations, competency to grow, develop and adjust, also being able to function at work and hold positive relations even the ability to love.In view of this model it shows that the absence of one the above criteria would indicate an abnormality even a potential mental condition. With all models there are limitations, according to this particular model the majority of people in general would be classed as abnormal or suffering a mental disorder of some kind as most people lack one of the criterion. Marie Jahoda did say that it was the nonesuch mental health so it would be difficult to gauge the level of abnormality depending o n the tote up of criterion an individual maybe lacking.For example someone could be lacking the criterion of personal ontogenesis and actualisation resulting in a lack of drive and ambition, but that individual may be exclusively happy even satisfied regarding the situation according to Jahoda they would be still viewed as mentally ill rather than just unambitious and lacking motivation. Despite Marie Jahoda using a similar technique used to define physical illness, physical illness have physical causes such as a cough due to contracting a virus whereas being diagnosed as having a mental illness, atients and psychologists are not always presented with physical signs as most mental illnesses derive from trauma in life, for that reason the diagnosis of a mental illness cannot be identified in exactly the same way as a physical illness. Cultural relativism is a compelling limitation as different cultures have different ways of expressing their Ideal mental health.For example, accor ding to Jahoda an absence of the criterion of self-actualization would indicate the presence of a mental disorder but that is because the western world strives for individuality and acclaim, however some tribal communities in Africa and the virago act as a collective and concentrate on working as a base and sharing every aspect of daily life, if the Jahoda criterion was measured against an Amazonian tribe they would be deemed as mentally ill rather than being a caring tightknit community, the cross cultural differences are too much of an dominating factor.The different models described all differ in perspectives. Failure to function adequately focuses on the individuals sense of abnormal functioning, deviating from social norm concentrates on other peoples perspective and deviating from ideal mental health is an amalgamation of the first two models without taking into account indwelling feelings.The classification and definition of abnormal behaviour has many successful approaches but as a single model is not adequate enough to correctly define abnormalities, although each model definitely gives a good indication, its the combination of the described models commonly known as the multi-criteria approach that successfully support psychologists in correctly defining and diagnosing abnormal behaviour correctly in a patient.References Cardwell, R. Flanagan, C. (2008) Psychology AS The Complete Companion. Oxford University Press Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP. Accessed 15. 10. 12 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marie_Jahoda Accessed 21. 10. 12 http//www. integratedsociopsychology. net/Defining_Abnormality/7FeaturesofAbnormality-DavidRosenhan&M. html Accessed 16. 10. 12

Americas Next Top Model Show in Light of Power Dynamics Essay

Americas Next concealment determine Show in Light of Power Dynamics - Essay ExampleCenter of discussion in this paper is Americas Next Top Model (ANTM) as a big blood brother study in which successful women applicants come together to compete for Americas Next Top Model title. This show is meant to give the women a chance to start a modeling c beer. The show is hosted by a female professional and model by the name Tyra Banks. It is rated as one of the biggest television shows in the world. The show is professionally constructed with episodes ranging from nine to eighteen. In all the seasons, there are about ten to xx five female participants who vie for the adorable title. Each episode is structured in a government agency that one of the participants considered weak is eliminated by a panel of judges, Tyra Banks being part. The shows in addition provides a makeover in the in front part of the show where the participants who are considered weak is put on probation and the audi ence is al milded to vote to save their prefer contestant. During the show, contestants undergo vigorous training in line with the theme of the particular week. This is meant to coach the girls and teach them divers(a) aspects related to the modeling career including press interviewing skills, sales skills, and cat walking. This is followed by photo shooting of the contestants who are given dresses that barely cover the bodies the girls are actually semi-nude as they pose. From the photos shot, the judges make a finis and the female contestants with the lowest marks are eliminated or put on probation for a makeover. Other events feature in the show include in-depth assessment of personality traits and general knowledge. Each of the episodes ends with the ruling by a panel of judges who are experts in the fashion industry, regular judges of the show. A special lymph node judge is to a fault usually called upon to assist in making a judgment. This involves posing challenging ques tions on modeling and fashion to the contestants, and their video photos are displayed and analyzed by the panelists. The contestants are often asked to leave the get on to give the panelists a chance to deliberate on their decisions and make the rulings. The female contestants are then called upon to the show room and face their fate the successful ones remain in the show while those who score low are put on probation or sent packing (Kowalski 47). In view of the above, it is beyond enquiry that the show is, therefore, professionally structured in a way that real women contestants are put into empty events in order to create a story. Criticism of the Reality Shows Most of the reality shows get away for a bout thirty to sixty minutes, a constant duration. If the show could be real then the events would run for an unidentified period. This shows that there are some incidences behind the scene that the audience is not able to know. It also brings out an element of editing of the e vents behind the scene to enable the program run within the stipulated period. It also shows that the story being told is not real but is subject to a lot of editing and handling of the contestants or participants. The editors, therefore, become the storytellers and take the positions of the contestants by altering the sequence of events that actually happened behind the scenes. Meanwhile, the audience

Gun Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ordnance store Violence - Essay ExampleIt is often put that accelerator pedal violence is brought about by circumstantial factors which to evidently would be untrue basing on findings on the subject (Reese, par. 20-24).Gun violence is attributed to a derive of issues. These vary from lifestyle to economic reasons. For instance, social concerns are pinpointed as one of the reasons that yield to the tragedy. Such issues approximately the society as biases, social classification, just to mention but a few are termed as crucial in dictating gun violence. For instance, ethnic background and history confirm that black Americans are amongst the larger share of the victims involved. The fuss is however, this same ethnicity is self targeted an occurrence that raises question as to whether the issue is inter-ethnic or the contrary. In as much as the historical perceptions may have much(prenominal) a massive deviate on the people there is more to the violence than the background can pr ovide (Reese, par 5).The problem also arises with the nature in which the inventories of armories are handled. Evidently, there are approximately 283 million fire arm in the hands of the civils. However this does not directly guarantee violence. It turns out that of this big number of civilian procession, most of the violence cases accrue from the firearms distributed by individual dealers. Roughly 30,000 firearms are unaccounted for annually from the dealers inventories. This makes the control of such distribution difficult especially given the policy guidelines (Reese, par. 4).Another paradigm significant in explaining the gun violence is the family and the society value system. There are several instances in records of homicidal and suicidal cases involving firearms in US. Most of these cases are unaccounted for by the media houses owing to the dynamic debates around them. When for example, a teenage girl haphazard shoots at her school mates and

Analysis of the Firm and Competitive Advantage Essay

Analysis of the Firm and war-ridden Advantage - Essay ExampleIt is a series of activities (i.e. a return attend) that constitutes a chain creating and make evaluate. The summation of these generated abide bys is called the total value performed by an organization ( place Chain Analysis). It is adequate range of activities that are required to bring a product from its conception to its end use and beyond (qtd. in Basic Concepts).A value chain is divided into two parts primary activities and livelihood activities. The former is a collection of essential activities (e.g. inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service) that builds up the actual production process of a product, while the latter activities (e.g. procurement, technology development, human resources management, and firm infrastructure) bolsters the former, ensuring its effectiveness and productivity ( cling to Chain Analysis). The performers of these activities may be found in a singl e firm or in various firms in different countries.Global value chains is an internationalization of the production process wherein different countries act as participants in the various stages of production of a particular good. Under this operable system, quality and efficiency of production is optimized since the site of a specific stage of production is in a place where it is done in the most efficient and most economical way (Global Value Chains). The modern day textile industry is among those that heavily rely on the global value chain to subsist. With the proliferation of branded and designer clothes, the clothing industry has become a sought-after commodity that requires the specialization of different countries to produce a quality product that satisfies the discriminating preferences of its consumers. Belonging to the buyer-driven type of global value chain, those wherein large retailers, marketers, and branded manufacturers play pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in various exporting countries. (qtd. in Gereffi and Memedovic 5) the developing countries, which mainly constitutes the exporting countries under this set-up, have a expectant opportunity in participating in the global business scene.One of the countries that maximize its competency in textile global value chains is mainland China. Endowed with lush flora used as rough materials for producing cloth and populated by hundreds of millions of workforce that receives one of the lowest wage rates in the world, China has definitely an edge in producing textiles and apparels. Statistics have proven that they are indeed the worlds top apparel exporter, producing $39.2b charge of apparel in the year 2000, which comprises 14.5% of all her export items. With all these advantages in their favor, Chinese textile firms sincerely have competitive advantage over American companies (Gereffi and Memedovic 29). The Esquel Group, one of Chinas leading producers of premium cotton shirts, exhibits this fight as against US firms. Though cotton is also grown on American soil, efficiency and economic system propels the success of Chinese firms, particularly of Esquel Group. The Esquel Groups Global Value ChainThe Esquel Group manufactures clothing for well-known and super esteemed global brands such as Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, Brooks Brothers, Abercrombie and Fitch, Nike, Lands End, and Muji. They also supply

Sacrament of Baptism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sacrament of Baptism - Research Paper ExampleBaptism is seen as a way to salvation for the Catholics who consider the church as the universal sacrament of salvation. Catholics recollect that the way in which one is baptized is not important but the idea that they are baptized is. The individual administering the sacrament must not be a priest but anyone who has undergone baptism themselves. However, during critical moments for instance in sickness or near death, anyone can administer the sacrament provided they follow the right way of doing it. The render or other right authority will then conduct a conditional baptism (Vorgrimler, 2002). This typography will seek to critically rate the concept of the sacrament of baptism and its relevance in a Christians life or at least for the churches that practice it. The paper will seek to cyclorama the sacrament from other Christians views and also give a scholarly critique to the act. This paper will evaluate what the bible says in the old and new testaments most salvation and baptism. This is has been perhaps the most controversial stage business with baptism (Berkhof, 2006). The sacrament of Baptism The practice of the sacrament is normally conducted by the pries pouring water on the forehead of the folding while saying the words I baptize you in the name of the Father, son, and Holy Spirit. This indicates that the member has been officially initiated into the ways of the church and through that he or she is saved since the church is the sacrament of salvation. The Anglicans also believe the sacrament is the only sure way to salvation. So, what is the necessity of baptism? Is it really important? What does the bible say slightly baptism and salvation? Old will on Baptism The old testament doesnt really talk about baptism, or at least as we know it. Baptism is viewed in a symbolic form. For instance, the Noah case when theology got angry and revisioned that every animal in the world be allowed into the ar k with eighter from Decatur other passel. The eight people were in a way saved by divinity through water. The water is a symbol of baptism for the eight people in the boat. In this regard, baptism is viewed as a sort of cleansing to the world. God cleansed the world through the use of water. This is the closest that the old testament has come to baptism, albeit symbolically (Osborne, 2008). newborn Testament on Baptism The oldest form of baptism ever recorded was done by John the Baptist and recorded in the New Testament. He then went ahead to announce to people that people should be baptized in order to clean them off their sins. Baptism, according to John the Baptist was to show that they had repented their sins. John the Baptist performed his miracles using water in the river Jordan. He did so by immersing the believers into the river and then they emerged baptized and born again. This is in the book of Luke. When John is found baptizing people by the river and believers ask h im questions, he answers by telling them that he is baptizing them with water but someone is attack who is greater than he is and will baptize them with the holy spirit and with fire. This form of baptism is a